Bridge and building monitoring systems

The reasons for regularly occurring tragedies with large fires, falling structures, etc. sees a lot. One of them is the lack of culture in design

There is no separate and incorruptible control during the commissioning of engineering systems. There is no unbiased inspection during the lifetime of such facilities.

The conclusion is simple - we need to equip our children with fire extinguishers, gas masks and at the same time pepper spray when visiting such places. In our country, unfortunately, there is a mess based on the post-Soviet mentality. Yes, of course, measures are being taken, legislation is being tightened, the owners of such facilities are obliged to install monitoring and control systems for engineering systems - SMES, SSP SMIS, SMIK, SUKS, but why does this not bring the expected results?
I will try to explain, if possible, in my own words, what is SMES, SSP SMIS, SMIK, SUKS.
Currently, the national standard GOST R 22.1.12-2005 “Safety in emergency situations. Structured monitoring and control system for engineering systems of buildings and structures. General requirements". This regulatory legal act was approved by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation dated March 28, 2005 N 65-st and entered into force on September 15, 2005 "(hereinafter - GOST R 22.1.12-2005).
GOST R 22.1.12-2005 defines which categories of systems exist and at what facilities they should be installed. According to clause 4.9 of section 4 of GOST R 22.1.12-2005, SMES are subject to mandatory installation at facilities with a maximum estimated stay of 500 people. and more: entertainment, sports facilities, multifunctional office and shopping and entertainment complexes, healthcare facilities, hotels.

Definitions:
SMES (structured system for monitoring and managing engineering systems of buildings and structures) designed for automatic monitoring of engineering and technical systems provision, condition of the base, building structures of buildings and structures, technological processes, engineering protection structures and real-time transmission of information about the threat and the occurrence of emergencies, incl. caused by terrorist acts, through communication channels to the day-to-day management of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (clause 3.34 of section 3 of GOST R 22.1.12-2005).
SMES is a common monitoring system for all engineering systems of an object, and includes BSC SMES, SMIK, SUKS, usually created on the basis of existing SCADA packages, such as Wonderware System Platform.
Just imagine a steel floor beam 100 m long. This beam bends in one direction in the summer heat, in the other direction in the winter cold. Even if the tolerance measurement system works correctly, you will never see the design settings for these deviations in the project. The reason is banal - during construction there are many factors associated with deviation from the project, this is not advertised. Where can the integrator get these deviation settings and who will be responsible for these values? No answer. The designer has already handed over his work, and the builder has built the building. They formally closed the work. And the integrator, in order to pass the work on this system, has to turn on intuition, be silent and somehow “blur” this issue. Invent data to earn at least something.
SMT SMES (data collection and message transmission system SMES) is a subsystem of the SMES that monitors destabilizing factors in real time by monitoring the engineering and technical support systems of the facility, receiving data from the SMES subsystems, as well as informing the on-duty and dispatching services of facilities and daily management of the RSChS on the threat and occurrence of emergencies (clause 3.35 of section 3 of GOST R 22.1.12-2005).
SMIES (system for monitoring engineering (supporting) structures, hazardous natural processes and phenomena) is a subsystem of SMIS that monitors changes in the state of foundations, building structures of buildings and structures in real time; engineering protection structures, zones of mudflows, landslides, avalanches in the area of construction and operation of the monitoring facility in order to prevent emergency situations (clause 3.36 of section 3 of GOST R 22.1.12-2005).
CMS (Communication and Management System in Crisis Situations) is a SMES subsystem that provides communication and control of special units within the facility during the elimination of the consequences of accidents, emergencies, including those caused by terrorist acts (clause 3.37 of section 3 of GOST R 22.1.12-2005). This system allows you to block any communication at the facility, except for a special channel of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, in the event of a terrorist attack.

What are the problems:
If you have ever been engaged in the selection of systems (fire / security) with good integration capabilities and open architecture, for example, with an open exchange interface like the open MODBUS protocol, then you probably encountered the fact that any system of domestic or foreign production (Bolid , Rise, Honeywell and others) does not have easy integration into the general engineering network. Each of the systems is a "black box" with great ambitions. Each manufacturer presents their system as something unique, having no analogues in the world, but in reality it is primitive electronics with weak circuits, with proprietary software intended for local use. It’s more convenient for the manufacturer to make money, he is not globally responsible for everything.
For some reason, according to an established unspoken rule, some design, build others, install engineering systems by third-party integrators, serve the fourth commercial structures, and all this is accepted by representatives of government agencies, who poorly understand the details of the process.
Do those persons (supervisory authorities) who accept these systems have a technical background? Are there individuals among them with integrator experience and/or experience in building design? For example, in America there is a practice when engineers of one building inspect the engineering systems of another building. I don't like Americans, but I don't know about this practice in our country, and it is necessary to save lives.
In my personal opinion and experience of business trips around the country - these systems do not work or almost do not work, they will not let me check - they are afraid, they have reason.
The problem in all this is corruption in disguise, terry and nowhere to be moved. Designers do something as best they can, then the integrator somehow creates, the designer’s mother for a non-working solution, the acceptance service in rose-colored glasses signs the surrender, the operation service, due to the abundance of stupid and uninformative messages to anyone, slowly turns off the system data. The circle is closed. All earned. However, human lives cannot be returned.
Isn't it time at the state level to change the attitude towards the causes that led to the tragedy? In place of the authorities investigating the incident in Kemerovo, I would find out exactly which brands of fire and other systems were installed in the shopping center, temporarily revoke the license for use, and organize unscheduled inspections in all places where they managed to take root.

Recently I was preparing a technical and commercial proposal for the implementation of SMES for one of the stadiums (there was a loss of a key contractor). The request for a TCH came from a friend of mine, the Director of a large concern. In this regard, a set of applicants for this project was announced. After talking and understanding the essence of the “trouble”, he refused to carry out the assessment. In the process of preparing the TCH, I managed to understand the aspects of this issue by talking with a number of professional integrators (I don’t refer to anyone), from which I learned a lot for myself and decided to share it.

 

If I made any inaccuracies, please correct me in the comments to the article, at the bottom of the page.

#SMES, #SSP, #SMIS, #SMIK, #SUKS, #SCADA, #security